In 1932, Aldus Huxley published his novel, Brave New World. It looks at a society where people are bred in bottles. They are treated physically and chemically so they belong to one of five classes and will be fulfilled by the role they have been bred for. They are “psychologically conditioned” by having ideas implanted into their brains while sleeping so that they will behave the way they are supposed to according to the mores of their society. Huxley, like many of his contemporaries, saw the industrialization of the world as a major step down a very wrong path.
After living through the second World War, Huxley went back and revisited his famous tome. In 1958, he published Brave New World Revisted. Here he sees that the seeds of our current problems have not only been sown, but are beginning to reap the rewards for those who are rich and powerful. He talks about how corporations and governments are using propaganda to sell the masses (read US!) the bill of goods they would have us buy. The following are some highly relevant quotes from this book so full of foresight.
“In their anti-rational propaganda the enemies of freedom systematically pervert the resources of language in order to wheedle or stampede their victims into thinking, feeling and acting as they, the mind-manipulators, want them to think, feel and act…And yet children are nowhere taught, in any systematic way, to distinguish true from false, or meaningful from meaningless, statements.” (pgs 130-131)
“Certain educators, for example, disapproved of the teaching of propaganda analysis on the grounds that it would make adolescents unduly cynical. Nor was it welcomed by the military authorities, who were afraid that recruits might start to analyze the utterances of drill sergeants. And then there were the clergymen and the advertisers. The clergymen were against propaganda analysis as tending to undermine belief and diminish churchgoing; the advertisers objected on the grounds that it might undermine brand loyalty and reduce sales….In its present form, the social order depends for its continued existence on the acceptance, without too many embarrassing questions, of the propaganda put forth by those in authority and the propaganda hallowed by the local traditions.” (pg 132)
“Under the relentless thrust of accelerating over-population and increasing over-organization, and by means of ever more effective methods of mind-manipulation, the democracies will change their nature; the quaint old forms – elections, parliaments, Supreme Courts and all the rest – will remain. The underlying substance will be a new kind of non-violent totalitarianism. All the traditional names, all the hallowed slogans will remain exactly what they were in the good old days. Democracy and freedom will be the theme of every broadcast and editorial – but democracy and freedom in a strictly Pickwickian sense. Meanwhile, the ruling oligarchy and its highly trained elite of soldiers, policemen, thought-manufacturers and mind-manipulators will quietly run the show as they see fit.” (pg 137)
“Or take the right to vote. In principle, it is a great privilege. In practice, as recent (prior to 1958 when this book was written) history has shown, the right to vote, by itself, is no guarantee of liberty. Therefore, if you wish to avoid dictatorship by referendum, break up modern society’s merely functional collectives into self-governing, voluntarily co-operating groups, capable of functioning outside the bureaucratic systems of Big Business and Big Government.” (pg 141)
“At this point we find ourselves confronted by a very disquieting question: Do we really wish to act upon our knowledge? Does a majority of the population think it worthwhile to take a good deal of trouble, in order to halt and, if possible, reverse the current drift toward totalitarian control of everything?” (pg 144)
This next quote appears to mark the root cause of why we ended up where we are today:
“In the United States – and America is the prophetic image of the rest of the urban-industrial world as it will be a few years from now – recent public opinion polls have revealed that an actual majority of young people in their teens, the voters of tomorrow, have no faith in democratic institutions, see no objection to the censorship of unpopular ideas, do not believe that government of the people by the people is possible and would be perfectly content, if they can continue to live in the style to which the boom has accustomed them, to be ruled, from above, by an oligarchy of assorted experts. That so many of the well-fed young television-watchers in the world’s most powerful democracy should be so completely indifferent to the idea of self-government, so blankly uninterested in freedom of thought and the right to dissent, is distressing, but not too surprising.” (pg 144)
The question is, should this be the final word on how we are ruled:
”In the end,” says the Grand Inquisitor in Dostoevsky’s parable, “in the end they will lay their freedom at our feet and say to us ‘make us your slaves, but feed us.”
Or should this:
“Under a scientific dictator (by this Huxley is referring to the science of psychology where it is understood how to influence people to make certain us see only what the overseers want us to see, and we believe it to be true), education will really work – with the result that most men and women will grow up to love their servitude and will never dream of revolution…Perhaps the forces that now menace freedom are too strong to be resisted for very long. It is still our duty to do whatever we can to resist them.” (pg 147)
